磷酸盐生物矿化处理低浓度含铀废水的研究进展

生物矿化修复技术处理低浓度含铀废水具有环境友好、适用范围广、产物稳定性好等优点,引起了研究学者们的广泛关注,具有较大的研究价值和广阔的应用前景。本文首先从生物矿化常用微生物、生物矿化作用机理及发展瓶颈等方面简单介绍生物矿化,然后从微生物群落调控、溶液参数等方面对强化生物矿化进行展望,以期为今后含铀废水污染地区的治理提供新的思路和技术。     

A Plasmopara viticola RXLR effector targets a chloroplast protein PsbP to inhibit ROS production in grapevine

Pathogens secrete a large number of effectors that manipulate host processes to create an environment conducive to pathogen colonization. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Plasmopara viticola effectors manipulate host plant cells remain largely unclear. In this study, we reported that RXLR31154, a P. viticola RXLR effector, was highly expressed during the early stages of P. viticola infection. In our study, stable expression of RXLR31154 in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and Nicotiana benthamiana promoted leaf colonization by P. viticola and Phytophthora capsici, respectively. By yeast two-hybrid screening, the 23-kDa oxygen-evolving enhancer 2 (VpOEE2 or VpPsbP), encoded by the PsbP gene, in Vitis piasezkii accession Liuba-8 was identified as a host target of RXLR31154. Overexpression of VpPsbP enhanced susceptibility to P. viticola in grapevine and P. capsici in N. benthamiana, and silencing of NbPsbPs, the homologs of PsbP in N. benthamiana, reduced P. capcisi colonization, indicating that PsbP is a susceptibility factor. RXLR31154 and VpPsbP protein were co-localized in the chloroplast. Moreover, VpPsbP reduced H₂O₂ accumulation and activated the ¹O₂ signaling pathway in grapevine. RXLR31154 could stabilize PsbP. Together, our data revealed that RXLR31154 reduces H₂O₂ accumulation and activates the ¹O₂ signaling pathway through stabilizing PsbP, thereby promoting disease.     

枯草芽孢杆菌在系统与合成生物技术中研究进展及工业应用

枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis是微生物生理生化机理研究的模式菌株,也是工业应用生产小分子化合物、大宗化学品、工业酶、药物及保健品等生物制剂的良好底盘细胞。近些年,研究枯草芽孢杆菌的合成生物技术和代谢工程方法日新月异,为利用其作为底盘细胞生产目标产品提供了良好的工具和理论参考。文中综述了利用枯草芽孢杆菌为细胞工厂,在代谢改造中通过调节全局调控因子,基因组精简及优化,多位点、多维调控,自身生物传感动态调控,膜蛋白工程等方法,系统调控优化菌株;在蛋白质试剂生产改造中,通过优化基因启动子、蛋白质信号肽、菌株自身蛋白质分泌元件,构建无化学诱导剂表达系统等方法,优化生产菌株。另外,文中对未来进一步针对优化枯草芽孢杆菌进行工业生产中需要注意和重点关注的问题、方向进行展望。     

强化产电微生物与电极间电子传递速率的研究进展

产电微生物是微生物燃料电池、电解池和电合成等微生物电化学技术(Microbial electrochemical technologies,METs)的研究基础。产电微生物与电极界面间的胞外电子传递(Extracellular electron transfer,EET)效率低以及生物被膜形成能力弱限制了METs在有机物降解、电能生产、海水淡化、生物修复和生物传感等方面的应用。因此,强化产电微生物与电极界面间的相互作用是过去几年的主要研究热点。针对近年的研究,本文系统概述了通过改造产电微生物来增强微生物-电极间相互作用的各种策略,重点分析了这些策略的适用性和局限性,并展望了强化产电微生物-电极界面作用在微生物电化学技术利用方面的研究前景。     

Responses of the ecological characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities in Rotaria rotatoria to UV-B radiation

Hydrobiologia - UV-B radiation is an increasing threat to aquatic organisms and also a potential driving force for zooplankton population dynamics. To explore the ecological effects of UVR on...     

Narrow H3K4me2 is required for chicken PGC formation

The development of primordial germ cells (PGCs) undergoes epigenetic modifications. The study of histone methylation in regulating PGCs is beneficial to understand the development and differentiation mechanism of germ stem cells. Notably, it provides a theoretical basis for directed induction and mass acquisition in vitro. However, little is known about the regulation of PGC formation by histone methylation. Here, we found the high enrichment of H3K4me2 in the blastoderm, genital ridges, and testis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing was performed and the results revealed that genomic H3K4me2 is dynamic in embryonic stem cells, PGCs, and spermatogonial stem cells. This trend was consistent with the H3K4me2 enrichment in the gene promoter region. Additionally, narrow region triggered PGC‐related genes (Bmp4, Wnt5a, and Tcf7l2) and signaling pathways (Wnt and transforming growth factor‐β). After knocking down histone methylase Mll2 in vitro and vivo, the level of H3K4me2 decreased, inhibiting Cvh and Blimp1 expression, then repressing the formation of PGCs. Taken together, our study revealed the whole genome map of H3K4me2 in the formation of PGCs, contributing to improve the epigenetic study in PGC formation and providing materials for bird gene editing and rescue of endangered birds.